Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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1.
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An explanation of the force that exists between all objects with mass was given
by Newton. _________________________
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2.
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The Sun and all the objects orbiting the Sun are known as the universe.
_________________________
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3.
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are composed mostly of gases.
_________________________
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4.
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The distance from Earth to the Sun, often used as a unit of measure for large
distances in the solar system, is the light year. ______________________________
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5.
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Your weight on the moon is less than your weight on Earth because the
diameter of the moon is less than Earth’s diameter. _________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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6.
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The Sun, planets and their moons, and a large collection of smaller objects such
as asteroids, comets, and meteors are, together, called the:
a. | universe. | b. | galaxy. | c. | solar
system. | d. | nebulae. |
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7.
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A unit used to measure long distances, equivalent to the distance from the Sun
to Earth, is known as the:
a. | light year. | b. | cosmic scale. | c. | astronomical
unit. | d. | sidereal year. |
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8.
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Terrestrial planets include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. | Mercury. | b. | Venus. | c. | Earth. | d. | Jupiter. |
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9.
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The gas planets include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. | Jupiter. | b. | Venus. | c. | Saturn. | d. | Uranus. |
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10.
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The planet with the most highly elliptical orbit is:
a. | Mercury. | b. | Jupiter. | c. | Uranus. | d. | Pluto. |
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11.
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All of these objects in the night sky are seen because they reflect light
EXCEPT:
a. | Earth’s moon. | b. | Venus. | c. | stars. | d. | Mercury. |
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12.
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All of the following planets are more than one astronomical unit from the sun
EXCEPT:
a. | Jupiter | b. | Saturn | c. | Venus | d. | Pluto |
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13.
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A “shooting star” is seen when this object enters Earth’s
atmosphere and is vaporized:
a. | a comet. | b. | a planetary satellite. | c. | an
asteroid. | d. | a meteor. |
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14.
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Pieces of rock from space large enough to pass through Earth’s atmosphere
and strike the ground are called:
a. | meteorites. | b. | meteors. | c. | comets. | d. | asteroids. |
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Use the diagram below to answer the following questions: 
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15.
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The true shape of each planet’s actual orbit around the Sun is:
a. | perfectly circular. | b. | nearly spherical. | c. | slightly
elliptical. | d. | very eccentric. |
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16.
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Of the planets shown, the one which requires the longest time for one revolution
of the sun is:
a. | Mars. | b. | Venus. | c. | Earth. | d. | Mercury. |
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17.
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The force of gravity between two objects will be greatest if their masses
are:
a. | small and they far apart. | b. | large and they are close
together. | c. | large and they are far apart. | d. | small and they are close
together. |
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18.
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The asteroid belt is located between the planets:
a. | Mercury and Venus. | b. | Earth and Mars. | c. | Mars and
Jupiter. | d. | Saturn and Uranus. |
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19.
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Orbital motion of the planets is caused by the interaction between inertia
and:
a. | gravitational force. | b. | the Sun’s energy. | c. | frictional
forces. | d. | the strong nuclear force. |
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20.
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If the distance between the Sun and Earth were doubled, the gravitational force
between Earth and the Sun would become:
a. | one-fourth as great. | b. | one-half as great. | c. | twice as
great. | d. | four times as great. |
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21.
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An object weighs 48 newtons on the moon’s surface. On Earth it would weigh
about:
a. | 1.6 newtons. | b. | 6 newtons | c. | 9.8
newtons | d. | 290 newtons |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in
the list.| Jupiter | Venus | Mars | | Neptune | inertia | comet | | asteroid | meteorite | gas | | terrestrial | planets | masses | | | |
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22.
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Large objects (such as Mars and Jupiter) that orbit a star belong to a group of
objects known as ____________________.
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23.
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The solid planets including Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are known as the
____________________ planets.
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24.
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The strength of the gravitational force between objects is determined by the
distance between the objects and their ____________________.
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25.
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A small chunk of ice and dust that revolves around the sun in a highly
elliptical orbit a ____________________.
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26.
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If a meteor passes through Earth’s atmosphere without burning up it is
called a ____________________.
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27.
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A rocky object orbiting the Sun, too small to be called a planet, would be
called an ____________________.
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28.
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Orbital motion (such as the moon orbiting Earth) is caused by the interaction of
gravitational force and ____________________.
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Short Answer
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29.
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Both stars and planets appear as similar sources of light in the night sky.
State two differences between stars and planets.
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30.
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Name the two factors that determine the strength of gravity pulling two objects
together.
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Problem
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31.
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One AU is equivalent to 150 million kilometers. If Pluto is 39.5 AU from the
Sun, how far is Pluto from the Sun measured in kilometers?
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32.
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The strength of gravity on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. On the moon it is 1.6 N/kg.
Calculate the weight on the moon of a person weighing 610 newtons on Earth.
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Essay
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33.
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What two observations made by Galileo supported Copernicus’ theory that
the planets orbited the Sun rather than Earth?
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